International Historical Trauma
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The impact of historical trauma that results from colonialism over the centuries has adversely impacted many peoples across indigenous lands and communities around the globe. By confronting the past experiences of colonized indigenous communities across all of the world, we begin to understand the impacts of eurocentric culture and policy upon present indigenous cultures, societies, and goverance. The processes of assimilation and acculturation are dynamic. The adverse impact of forced assimlation and acculturation are lessened when indigenous cultures afforded self-goverance and the right to adapt eurocentric systems naturally.
Colonialism History Wikipedia Link
Following are links to websites that provide some answers to questions about the diverse experiences of people in other colonized continents.
 Colonialization of Africa Wikipedia Link |  American Military Bases Wikipedia Link |
 The Colonization of IndiaWikipedia Link  Latin American Independence Wikipedia Link |
 IndigenousAustraliansWikipedia Link  Imperialism in AsiaWikipedia Link |
 The Soviet EmpireWikipedia Link  1901 Canadian Indian Boarding SchoolsWikipedia Link |
This is a good place to restate the "Six Phases of Historical Unresolved Grief." The links below will provide you an opportunity of the struggles and successes of indigenous peoples across th world. Indigenous is defined as, " any given people, ethnic group or community who may be described as being indigenous in reference to some particular region or location."
1. 1st Contact: life shock, genocide, no time for grief. Colonization Period: introduction of disease and alcohol, traumatic events such as Wounded Knee Massacre.
2. Economic competition: sustenance loss (physical/spiritual).
3. Invasion/War Period: extermination, refugee symptoms.
4. Subjugation/Reservation Period: confined/translocated, forced dependency on oppressor, lack of security.
5. Boarding School Period: destroyed family system, beatings, rape, prohibition of Native language and religion; Lasting Effect: ill-prepared for parenting, identity confusion.
6. Forced Relocation and Termination Period: transfer to urban areas, prohibition of religious freedom,
racism and being viewed as second class; loss of governmental system and community.
 Postcolonialism Wikipedia Link |  South America has a linguistic diversity rivalled by only a few other places in the world with approximately 350 languages still spoken and an estimated 1,500 languages at first European contactWikipedia Link |
 The UN Special Committee on Decolonization members Wikipedia Link  Canadian First NationsWikipedia Link |
 UN Rights of Indigenous peoples Wikipedia Link  Indigenous Rights OrganizationsWikipedia Link |
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